Research progress of nickel-based superalloy materials
Over the past half century, China has developed and formed many nickel-based superaliatge systems to meet the growing needs of power, transportation, aviation, aerospace and other industries. In particular, the development of nickel-based superaliatges has greatly millored the performance of China's aerospace engines. made a significant contribució to millora. Això paper breument introdueix el desenvolupament història de níquel superaliatges, ressenyes el recerca progrés de níquel superaliatges en en anys, i discuteix el aplicació i desenvolupament tendències de base en níquel superaliatges.
Introducció
Més de 50% de els materials en moderna gas turbina motors ús alta-temperatura aliatges, de que el import de base en níquel alta temperatura aliatges comptes per sobre 40% de el motor materials. A base de níquel aliatges tenir excel·lent completa propietats at mitjana i alta temperatures. Ells són adequats per treball at alt temperatures per a llarg temps i pot resistir corrosió i abrasió. Ells són el most complex i àmpliament utilitzat en alta temperatura peces i tenen molts metal·lúrgics propietats entre tots superaliatges. aliatges de major interès a treballadors. A base de níquel alta temperatura aliatges són principalment utilitzats en estructural components treball at 950~1050 grau in el camp aeroespacial, tal as aeromotor treball pales, turbina discos, combustió cambres, etc. Per tant, el estudi de níquel superaliatges és de gran significació a el desenvolupament de el meu país's aeroespacial indústria.
1 Visió general
Nickel-based high-temperature alloys are high-temperature alloys that use nickel as the matrix (generally more than 50% content) and have high strength and good resistance to oxidation and gas corrosion in the range of 650 to 1000 degree . It is developed on the basis of Cr20Ni80 alloy. In order to meet the requirements of high-temperature thermal strength (high-temperature strength, creep resistance, high-temperature fatigue strength) around 1000 degree and anti-oxidation and anti-corrosion in gas media, a large number of reinforcements have been added. Elements, such as W, Mo, Ti, Al, Nb, Co, etc., to ensure its superior high temperature performance. In addition to solid solution strengthening, superalloys also rely on the precipitation strengthening of the intermetallic compound ′ phase (Ni3Al or Ni3Ti, etc.) formed by Al, Ti, etc. and Ni, the intragranular dispersion strengthening of some fine stable MC, M23C6 carbides, and B, Zr, Re, etc. play a role in purifying and strengthening grain boundaries. The purpose of adding Cr is to further improve the anti-oxidation and high-temperature corrosion resistance of high-temperature alloys. Nickel-based superalloys have good comprehensive properties and have been widely used in the aerospace, automotive, communications and electronics industry sectors. With the exploration of the potential properties of nickel-based alloys, researchers have put forward higher requirements for their performance. Domestic and foreign scholars have developed new processing techniques for nickel-based alloys, such as isothermal forging, extrusion deformation, cladding deformation, etc. .
2. Desenvolupament història de base de níquel superaliatges
A base de níquel superaliatges ocupar a particularment important posició en el sencer camp de superaliatges. Its desenvolupament i ús començat en el tardar 1930s, i eren desenvolupats contra el fons que el emergence de jet avions put higher requisits on the performance of superaliatges. . The United Kingdom first produced the nickel-based aliatge Nimonic75 (Ni-20Cr-0.4Ti) in 1941. In order to improve the creep strength, alumini was added to develop Nimonic80 (Ni-20Cr-2.5Ti-1.3Al). The United States in the mid-1940s, the Soviet Union in the late 1940s, and China in the mid-1950s also developed nickel-based superaliatges.
The development of nickel-based high-temperature alloys includes two aspects: improvement of alloy composition and innovation of production processes. In the early 1950s, the development of vacuum smelting technology created conditions for refining nickel-based alloys containing high aluminum and titanium; in the late 1950s, investment precision casting technology was used to develop a series of casting alloys with good high-temperature strength; in the 1960s In the mid-term, directional crystallization and single crystal superalloys and powder metallurgy superalloys with better performance were developed; in order to meet the needs of ships and industrial gas turbines, a number of high-chromium nickel-based high-chromium nickel-based alloys with better hot corrosion resistance and stable structure were developed since the 1960s. alloy. In about 40 years from the early 1940s to the late 1970s, the operating temperature of nickel-based alloys increased from 700 degree to 1100 degree , with an average increase of about 10 degree per year.
